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JIKAN To KAZU

Time and Numbers

The Japanese language is rich in numbers. It uses Japanese numbers and Chinese numbers. And it uses a system of classifiers or “counters” as well. This means that when you count things, you first have to classify them according to what they are, or by their size or shape. For example, to count pencils, bottles, or trees, you use the classifier for long, thin things; to count books or magazines, you use the classifier for bound objects. Later in this lesson you’ll see a chart of some of the most common classifiers.

KAZU

From 1 to 10 only, there are two sets of numbers. The set on the right, of Japanese origin, stops at 10. The set on the left, of Chinese origin, continues indefinitely.

 Ichi  Hitsotsu
2 Ni Futatsu
3 San Mittsu
4 Shi/Yon Yottsu
5 Go Itsutsu
6 Roku Muttsu
7 Nana/shichi Nanatsu
8 Hachi Yattsu
9 Kyuu/Ku Kononotsu
10 Juu Tou

 

11-19

To form numbers from 11 to 19, start with juu, 10, and then add the number you need from the column on the left.

11 Juuichi
12 Juuni
13 Juusan
14 Juuyon
15 Juugo
16 Juuroku
17 Juunana
18 Juuhachi
19 Juukyuu
20 Nijuu

20-100

The rest is easy. Twenty is two tens, or ni ju, and for 21, just add the 1: ni ju ichi

 

 

20 (Nijuu) 21 (nijuuchi)
30 (Sanjuu) 31(Sanjuuichi
40 (Yonjuu) 41(Yonjuuichi)
50 (Gojuu) 51(Gojuuichi)
60 (Rokujuu) 61(Rokujuuichi)
70 (Nanajuu) 71(Nanajuuichi)
80 (Hachijuu) 81(Hachijuuichi)
90 (Kyuujuu) 91(Kyuujuuichi)

With 100, hyaku, and 1000, sen, the pattern is basically the same, but there are some sound changes.

100 (Hyaku) 1000(Sen)
200 (Nihyaku) 2000 (Nisen)
300 (Sanbyaku) 3000(Sansen)
400 (Yonhyaku) 4000(Yonsen)
500 (Gohyaku) 5000(Gosen)
600(Roppyaku) 6000(Rokusen)
700 (Nanahyaku) 7000(Nanasen)
800 (Happyaku) 8000(Hassen)
900 (Kyuuhyaku) 900(Kyuusen)

Japanese uses 10,000 as a counting unit. Each unit of 10,000 is called man. So 10,000 is ichi man, 20,000 is ni man. 100,000 is ju man, 200,000 is ni ju man, 1,000,000 is hyaku man (unit of 10,000). This continues until 100,000,000 ichi oku.

JOSSU

ORDINAL NUMBERS

    English              Japanese
First Ichiban me
Second Niban me
Third Sanban me
Fourth Yonban me
Fifth Goban me
Sixth Rokuban me
Seventh Nanaban me
Eighth Hachiban me
Nineth Kyuuban me
Tenth Juuban me

CHIGATTA SHURUI NO MONO O KAZOERU

COUNTING DIFFERENT KINDS OF THINGS

One American is coming.

Amerikajin ga hitori kimasu.

American               one     

One pencil is on the table.

Enpitsu ga ippon teburu no ue ni arimasu.

pencil              one

 

I have one book.

Hon o issatsu motte imasu.

book        one

I’d like one ticket.

Kippu o ichimai kudasai.

Ticket    one

People

 

1 Hitori
2 Futari
3 Sannin
4 Yonnin
5 Gonnin
j

Long, Thin Objects

1 Ippon
2 Nihon
3 Sanbon
4 Yonhon
5 Gohon
h

Thin, Flat Objects

1 Ichimai
2 Nimai
3 Sanmai
4 Yonmai
5 Gomai

Floor of the Buildings

1 Ikkai
2 Nikai
3 Sankai
4 Yonkai
5 Gokai

Liquid or Dry Measures

1 Ippai
2 Nihai
3 Sanbai
4 Yonhai
5 Gohai

Houses, Building

1 Ikken
2 Niken
3 Sanken
4 Yonken
5 Goken

Small Objects Not In The Categories Above

1 Ikko,Hitotsu
2 Niko, Futatsu
3 Sanko, Mittsu
4 Yonko, Mittsu
5 Goko, Itsutsu

Bound Objects

1 Issatsu
2 Nisatsu
3 Sansatsu
4 Yonsatsu
5 Gosatsu

NUMERALS

1-20

Japanese Romaji
0 ゼロ Rei, Zero
1 いち  (一) Ichi
2 に   (二) Ni
3 さん  (三) San
4 よん  (四) Yon/Shi
5 ご   (五) Go
6 ろく  (六) Roku
7 なな  (七) Nana/Shichi
8 はち  (八) Hachi
9 きゅう (九) Kyuu/Ku
10 じゅう (十) Juu
11 じゅういち Juuichi
12 じゅうに Juuni
13 じゅうさん Juusan
14 じゅうよん Juuyon
15 じゅうご Juugo
16 じゅうろく Juuroku
17 じゅうなな Juunana
18 じゅうはち Juuhachi
19 じゅうきゅう Juukyuu
20 にじゅう Nijuu
30 さんじゅう Sanjuu
40 よんじゅう Yonjuu
50 ごじゅう Gojuu
60 ろくじゅう Rokujuu
70 ななじゅう Nanajuu
80 はちじゅう Hachijuu
90 きゅうじゅう Kyuujuu

 

100-900

 

Japanese  Romaji
100 ひゃく Hyaku
200 にひゃく Nihyaku
300 さんびゃく Sanbyaku
400 よんひゃく Yonhyaku
500 ごひゃく Gohyaku
600 ろっぴゃく Ropyaku
700 ななひゃく Nanahyaku
800 はっぴゃく Happyaku
900 きゅうひゃく Kyuuhyaku

1000-9000

  Japanese Romaji
1000 せん ( 千  ) Sen
2000 にせん Nisen
3000 さんぜん Sansen
4000 よんせん Yonsen
5000 ごせん Gosen
6000 ろくせん Rokusen
7000 ななせん Nanasen
8000 はっせん Hassen
9000 きゅうせん Kyuusen

10,000-100,000,000

  Japanese Romaji
10,000 いちまん  ( 一万  ) Ichiman
100,000 じゅうまん ( 十万  ) Juuman
1,000,000 ひゃくまん ( 百万  ) Hyakuman
10,000,000 せんまん  ( 千万  ) Senman
100,000,000
いちおく      ( 一億  )
Ichioku

Expressions Of Time

TOKYO

9:00 O’clock

Kuuji desu

ANCHORAGE

3:00 O’clock

Sanji desu

NEW YORK

8:00 O’clock

Hachi desu

PARIS

1:00 O’clock

Ichiji desu

MOSCOW

3:00 O’clock

Sanji desu

To express time in Japanese, we start wih a list of the hours, then a list of the minutes, and then we’ll put them together.

O’clock / Ji

Japanese Romaji
1 いちじ Ichiji
2 にじ Niji
3 さんじ Sanji
4 よじ Yoji
5 ごじ Goji
6 ろくじ Rokuji
7 しちじ Shichiji
8 はちじ Hachiji
9 くじ Kuji
10 じゅうじ Juuji
11 じゅういちじ Juuichiji
12 じゅうにじ Juuniji
? なんじ? Nanji?

MINUTE – Pun / Fun

Japanese Romaji
1 いっぷん Ippun
2 にふん Nifun
3 さんぷん Sanpun
4 よんぷん Yonpun
5 ごふん Gofun
6 ろっぷん Roppun
7 ななふん// しちふん Nanafun/Shichifun
8 はっぷん Happun
9 きゅうふん Kyuufun
10 じゅっぷん / じっぷん Juppun / Jippun
15 じゅうごふん Juugofun
30 はん / さんじゅっぷん / さんじっぷん Han / Sanjuupun / San jippun
? なんぷん Nanpun

Now let’s put them together. Say the hour first, then the minutes, then add desu. For example:

Nan desu ka.                                      What time is it?

Juujijugofun.                                       It’s 0:15.

Using sugi, which means “past” or “after”, is optional.

Juujijugofun sugi desu.                      It’s 10:15.

At 15 minutes before the hour, start using mae, which means “to” or “before”.

Juujijugofun mae desu.                      It’s a quarter to ten.

Han means “half”, as in half past the hour.

Kuuji han desu.                                    It’s 9:30

Ji means hour, jikan means time Byo means seconds.

Juuji juu pun san byo desu                 it’s 10:10:03.

 Ima means now

Ima roku ji han desu                             It’s now 6:30.

Kara/Made means “From” and “Until”

Go ji kara san ji madedesu.                5:00-3:00

 Asa, Hiru, Yoru means morning, afternoon, evening

Asajuu ji han desu.                                It’s 10:30 in the morning

Gozen isA.M”. Gogo is “ P.M.” say them before you say the hour.

Gozen shichi desu.                                it’s 4:00 a.m.

Gogo roku ji nijuu pun desu                It’s 6:20 p.m.

For time schedules, as in railway and Airline time table, number 1 to 59 are used for  minutes, not “ a quarter to “ or “ ten to “ the hour.

Transportation timetable are based on the  24 –hour  clock. Airline and train Schedules are expressed in terms of a point within a 24-hours sequence.

 Example:

  1. Watashi no kisha wa, ju san ji yon ju happun ni demasu

My train depart at 13:48 ( 1:48 p.m.)

Watashi no hikoki wa ju ji go ju san pun ni tsukimasu

My plane arrives at 10:53 ( a.m.)

 

Day(Nichi)

Japanese English Romaji
おととい
The day before yesterday
Ototoi
きのう Yesterday Kinou
きょう Today Kyou
あした Tomorrow Ashita
あさって The day after tomorrow Asatte
まいにち Every day Mainichi

 

MORNING (Asa)

Japanese English Romaji
おとといのあさ The morning before the last Ototoi no asa
きのうのあさ Yesterday morning Kinou no asa
けさ This morning Kesa
あしたのあさ Tomorrow morning Ashita no asa
あさってのあさ The next  next morning Asatte no asa
まいあさ Every morning Mai asa

NIGHT (Ban)

Japanese English Romaji
おとといのばん The night before last Ototoi no ban
きのうのばん Last night Kinou no ban
こんばん Tonight Konban
あしたのばん Tomorrow night Ashita no ban
あさってのばん The night after next Ashita no ban
まいばん Every night Maiban

mata                      again

   mada                     still, yet

  itsumo                  always

     mo                         also, too

Days Of The Week(Youbi)

Japanese English Romaji
にちようび   ( 日曜日 ) Sunday Nichiyoubi
げつようび   ( 月曜日 ) Monday Getsuyoubi
かようび       ( 火曜日 ) Tuesday Kayoubi
すいようび   ( 水曜日 ) Wednesday Suiyoubi
もくようび   ( 木曜日 ) Thursday Mokuyoubi
きんようび   ( 金曜日 ) Friday Kinyoubi
どようび       ( 土曜日 ) Saturday Doyoubi
なんようび   (何曜日 ) What Day Nanyoubi

Days of the Month (Number plus nichi)

Japanese

Romaji

 

1 ついたち Tsuitachi
2 ふつか Futsuka
3 みっか Mikka
4 よっか Yokka
5 いつか Itsuka
6 むいか Muika
7 なのか Nanoka
8 ようか Youka
9 ここのか Kokonoka
10 とおか Tooka
11 じゅういちにち Juuichinichi
12 じゅうににち Juuninichi
13 じゅうさんにち Juusannichi
14 じゅうよっか Juuyokka
15 じゅうごにち Juugonichi
16 じゅうろくにち Juurokunichi

Days of the Month (Number plus nichi)

Japanese

 Romaji
17 じゅうしちにち Juushichinichi
18 じゅうはちにち Juuhachinichi
19 じゅうくにち Juukunichi
20 はつか Hatsuka
21 にじゅういちにち Nijuuichinichi
22 にじゅうににち Nijuuninichi
23 にじゅうさんにち Nijuusannichi
24 にじゅうよっか Nijuuyokka
25 にじゅうごにち Nijuugonichi
26 にじゅうろくにち Nijuurokunichi
27 にじゅうしちにち Nijuushichinichi
28 にじゅうはちにち Nijuuhachinichi
29 にじゅうくにち Nijuukunichi
30 さんじゅうにち Sanjuunichi
31 さんじゅういちにち Sanjuuichinichi
なんにち Nannichi

Week(Shuu)

Japanese English Romaji
せんせんしゅう Last last week Sensenshuu
せんしゅう Last week Senshuu
こんしゅう This week Konshuu
らいしゅう Next week raishuu
さらいしゅう Next next week raishuu
まいしゅう Every week Mai shuu

Month (Getsu)

Japanese English Romaji
せんせんげつ Last last month Sensengetsu
せんげつ Last month Sengetsu
こんげつ This month Kongetsu
らいげつ Next month Raigetsu
さらいげつ Next next month Saraigetsu
まいつき Next next month Matsuki

 

Year (Nen)

Japanese English Romaji
おととし Last last year Sensengetsu
きょねん Last year Sengetsu
ことし This year Kongetsu
らいねん Next year Raigetsu
さらいねん Next next year Saraigetsu

まいねん /

まいとし

Next next year Matsuki

 

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